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Down Syndrome

Down Syndrome is a common genetic variation which usually causes delay in physical, intellectual, and language development. It is the leading cause of developmental delay. Down Syndrome includes characteristic facial features, some degree of cognitive disability, and may also include heart conditions, increased risk of infection, vision and hearing disabilities, and other health problems. The effects vary from individual to individual – each person having his/her own unique personality, capabilities, and talents.

Facial characteristics may include eyes that slant upward, small ears that may fold over at the top, small mouth, small nose with flattened nasal bridge. Some babies with Down Syndrome have short necks, small hands, and less muscle tone.

Almost half of babies with Down Syndrome have heart conditions and more than half have some visual or hearing impairment. Most of the visual impairments can be eliminated with glasses, surgery or other treatments. Screening for hearing loss should be done at birth or by 3 months of age. Children with Down Syndrome can benefit from inclusive education, appropriate medical care, early intervention, and positive public attitudes.

In adulthood, many persons with Down Syndrome are employed, live independently, and contribute to and enjoy community activities. About 15 to 20 percent of adults with Down Syndrome develop Alzheimer’s disease in middle age.

Sources:

http://www.ndscenter.org/

http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/4439_1214.asp